4.1 Key Climate Events in Geological History

https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2014/07/11/what-geology-has-to-say-about-global-warming/
What Geology Has to Say About Global Warming
William Menke, Columbia Climate School

Videos

https://youtu.be/4ONwQV26L-k
Snowball Earth – How Volcanoes Froze the Earth | PBS Eons | 10:58

https://youtu.be/ldLBoErAhz4
PETM – The Last Time the Globe Warmed | PBS Eons | 10:53

https://youtu.be/cC4WiBCoVeo
When Antarctica Was Green | PBS Eons | 10:53

https://youtu.be/4ONwQV26L-k:
The Younger Dryas – When the Earth Suddenly Stopped Warming | PBS Eons | 11:00

Readings

• Hoffman, P., and Schrag, D., 2000. Snowball Earth. Scientific American, January 2000, 68-75.
  Openly Available from University of Oslo.
  
• Hoffman, P., Kaufman, A., Halverson, G., and Schrag, D., 1998. A Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth. Science, 281, 1342-1346.
  Openly Available From Science
  
• Kump, L., 2011. The Last Great Global Warming. Scientific American, July 2011, 57-61.
  Openly Available From University of Kentucky
  
• Tierney, J., Zhu, J., Ridgwell, A., Hakim, G., Poulson, C., Whiteford, R., Rae, J., and Kump, L., 2022. Spatial patterns of climate change across the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119, e2205326119.
  Openly Available From PNAS
  
• Secord, R., Bloch, J., Chester, C., Boyer, D., Wood, A., Wing, S., Kraus, M., McInerney, F., and Krigbaum, J., 2012. Evolution of the earliest horses driven by climate change in the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. Science. 335, 959-962.
  Openly Available From Science
  
• Bowen, G., Maibauer, B., Kraus, M., Rohl, U., Westerhold, T., Steimke, A., Gingerich, P., Wing, S., and Clyde, W., 2014. Two massive, rapid releases of carbon during the onset of the Palaeocene–Eocene thermal maximum. Nature Geoscience, NGEO2316.
  Openly Available From Nature Geoscience
  
• Broeker, W., et al., 1989. Routing of Meltwater from the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the Younger Dryas cold episode. Nature, 341, 318-321.
  Openly Available From Nature

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4.2 The Anthropocene (Age of Humans)

Videos

https://youtu.be/fvgG-pxlobk
Welcome to the Anthropocene | Planet Under Pressure| 3:28

https://youtu.be/wJAbHssn0GI
The Age of Man | Paprika Films | 54:08

Readings

• Lewis, S., and Maslin, M., 2015. Defining the Anthropocene. Nature, 15, 171-180
  Available From Nature with your BC Library credentials
  
• Hamilton., C., 2016. Define the Anthropocene in terms of the whole Earth. Nature, 536, 251
  Available From Nature with your BC Library credentials